A Flashback to Cholera Outbreaks in Kurdistan region-Iraq

Cholera is a contagious acute diarrheal disease due to ingestion of contaminated water and food with Vibrio cholera, Gram-negative bacterium that naturally inhabits coastal estuarine ecosystems. Millions cholera cases thousands deaths are annually reported worldwide. endemic in Iraq every 3-5 years interval. Meanwhile, outbreaks have been reporting Kurdistan region. However, the epidemiology has not investigated. This study comprehensively reviewed region, depending on WHO situation reports, online resources scientific researches. The results showed seven from 1995 2022. epidemics happened at irregular intervals makes prediction next outbreak difficult. Moreover, trend greatly decreasing hundreds throughout total about 30 people died. These might be consequences effective prevention measures, population health natural acquired immunity against cholera. It was found Sulaymaniyah most affected governorate probably related contamination main drinking resource, little Zab river. Besides, irrigation vegetable fields untreated sewage could another cause. Also, both Inaba Ogawa serotypes O1, El Tor individually caused outbreaks. Thus, will happening particularly governorate. definitely needs more investigations, hoping tackle future eradication disease.